Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Saramo, Machoto
CLASSIFICATION		Isolate, South American
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		ito
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking” (167-234) . Crevels, Mily (2012) , Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona · Mouton de Gruyter

Critically endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
2791
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
The 2001 census registered 389 speakers of Itonama, while today no more than one elderly speaker remains (p. 173).

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

The 2001 census registered 389 speakers of Itonama, while today no more than one elderly speaker remains (p. 173).

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

The 2001 census registered 389 speakers of Itonama, while today no more than one elderly speaker remains (p. 173).

PLACES: Bolivia;

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
10
Native speakers worldwide

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5
Native speakers worldwide

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<5
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
~5,090
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
The number of the ethnic group must be considerably lower than the 5,090 registered by the 1994 Indigenous Census, since group membership rather than ethnicity seems to have played a crucial role in this census. Thus, anyone born in Magdalena – or anywhere else in the Province of Itenez for that matter – is considered to be, or considers himself to be Itonama, including whites, mestizos and criollos.

DATE OF INFO: 1994

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
10
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
5,090
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Data for the number of native speakers comes from Crevels (2000). Data for the ethnic population is from Adelaar (2000).

5 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 2,940 (2006 PIB) (2013).

PLACES: Bolivia;

0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer	Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.												-12.8333333333,-64.3333333333
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	5,090	10		10-99	Data for the number of native speakers comes from Crevels (2000). Data for the ethnic population is from Adelaar (2000). 5 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 2,940 (2006 PIB) (2013).		Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)			Bolivia;
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		5		1-9			Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				-13.6246,-63.5668
		2007	South America	Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages	103-196	C. Moseley	London & New York: Routledge			Mily Crevels	Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD	~5,090	<5	1994	1-9	The number of the ethnic group must be considerably lower than the 5,090 registered by the 1994 Indigenous Census, since group membership rather than ethnicity seems to have played a crucial role in this census. Thus, anyone born in Magdalena – or anywhere else in the Province of Itenez for that matter – is considered to be, or considers himself to be Itonama, including whites, mestizos and criollos.		Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
			World Oral Literature Project						http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			10		10-99			Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		2012	Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking	The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide	167-234	Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona	Mouton de Gruyter	Berlin		Crevels, Mily	Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.		2791	1		1-9	The 2001 census registered 389 speakers of Itonama, while today no more than one elderly speaker remains (p. 173).	The 2001 census registered 389 speakers of Itonama, while today no more than one elderly speaker remains (p. 173).	Critically Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	The 2001 census registered 389 speakers of Itonama, while today no more than one elderly speaker remains (p. 173).	Bolivia;

Itonama

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<5

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

Discussion

Itonama

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<5

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

Discussion

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