Endangered Languages Project

Alias		Barhamu, Brahmu, Bhramu, Bramu, Bhrāmu, Baraamu, Baramu, Bhra:mu, Ba:rhmu, Balbang
KLASSIFIZIERUNG		Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Kanauri
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
SPRACHENCODE		brd
DOWNLOAD		Als csv
WEITERE RESSOURCEN		OLAC-Suche
WEITERE KOMMENTARE		Greg Anderson: Baram is endangered for sure, possibly in the seriously endangered category.

Compare Sources (6)

Informationen von: “A sociolinguistic study of the Baram language” (187–225) . Kansakar, Tej Ratna et al. (2011)

Ernsthaft gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
53
Muttersprachler weltweit
Ethnische Population
7383 (Central Bureau of Statistics)
KINDER
0
JUNGE ERWACHSENE
0
ÄLTERE PERSONEN
53
MEHR ZUR ANZAHL DER SPRECHER
2 speakers in Takukot-5, Mailung, and 51 speakers in Takukot-8, Dandagaun. "Most of the fluent speakers are above 60 years of age. The youngest fluent speakers we found is 48 years old."

DATUM DER INFORMATION: 2007-2011

ENTWICKLUNGSTENDENZEN BEI SPRECHERN

VERBREITUNG

MEHR ZU SPRACHBESTÄNDIGKEIT

"The survey suggested that Baram is more likely to be used for activities such as thinking, scolding, cursing, and praying than for joking, dreaming, abusing, performing rituals, or playing. Speakers do not sing in Baram and there is not a single traditional native Baram song. It is equally interesting that Baram is not used in any Baram rituals; they use Nepali instead. This is likely due to the linguistic and cultural convergence that resulted from prolonged contact with Nepali-speaking people."

SPRECHEREINSTELLUNG

Neutral to positive (previously negative)

UNTERSTÜTZUNG DER REGIERUNG

None

INSTITUTIONELLE UNTERSTÜTZUNG

Yes

ANDERE VON DER GEMEINSCHAFT GESPROCHENE SPRACHEN

Nepali

KOMMENTARE ZUM SPRACHKONTEXT

There are no monolingual speakers of Baram.

"[T]hey used to hesitate to speak their own language in front of speakers of other languages and to identify themselves as Barams... But at present, because of the democratic movements and growing awareness among the minority ethnic groups, Barams are happy to use their language and to identify themselves as Baram.... The Nepal Baram Association, a national-level organization, and the Gorkha Baram Associatino, at the district level, have been actively promoting the language, culture, and identity of the Baram people."

ORTE: Western Nepal

ORTSBESCHREIBUNG: Predominantly in the central-southern part of the Gorkha district, along the Daraundi and Budhigandaki rivers and their tributaries.

WEITERE KOMMENTARE: Dandagaun of the Gorkha district is the only place where the language is still spoken.

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,000
Muttersprachler weltweit
Ethnische Population
7,383
MEHR ZUR ANZAHL DER SPRECHER
The number of speakers is decreasing. Data for the ethnic population is from the 2001 census.

DATUM DER INFORMATION: 1998

ORTE: Nepal

Ernsthaft gefährdet

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
155 speakers according to 2011 census. Actual number may be lower.
Muttersprachler weltweit

NUTZUNGSBEREICHE

ENTWICKLUNGSTENDENZEN BEI SPRECHERN

VERBREITUNG

MEHR ZU SPRACHBESTÄNDIGKEIT

"Nowadays, Baram is hardly used in everyday life." Some elderly speakers (55+).

Skripte (Schreibsysteme und Orthografien)

Devanagari

Stark gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
10-99
Muttersprachler weltweit
KINDER
0
JUNGE ERWACHSENE
0
MEHR ZUR ANZAHL DER SPRECHER
A few hundred speakers, but fluent speakers are all middle-aged to elderly and together number far
less than a hundred.

ORTE: Nepal: Gorkha district

ORTSBESCHREIBUNG: One village, Dandagau, near Pipal Danda in the Takukot area.

WEITERE KOMMENTARE: Outside of this village, a few elderly or isolated individuals have a fragmentary recollection of the language.

Sicher gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
342
Muttersprachler weltweit

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,000
Muttersprachler weltweit

	2011	A sociolinguistic study of the Baram language		187–225		online		Himalayan Linguistics Journal	10		http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/HimalayanLinguistics/articles/2011/PDF/HLJ1001K.pdf	Kansakar, Tej Ratna et al.	Kansakar, Tej Ratna et al. 2011. A sociolinguistic study of the Baram language. Himalayan Linguistics Journal 10 (1): 187–225.		7383 (Central Bureau of Statistics)	0	53	2007-2011	10-99	2 speakers in Takukot-5, Mailung, and 51 speakers in Takukot-8, Dandagaun. "Most of the fluent speakers are above 60 years of age. The youngest fluent speakers we found is 48 years old."	53	All	Nepali	Neutral to positive (previously negative)	There are no monolingual speakers of Baram. "[T]hey used to hesitate to speak their own language in front of speakers of other languages and to identify themselves as Barams... But at present, because of the democratic movements and growing awareness among the minority ethnic groups, Barams are happy to use their language and to identify themselves as Baram.... The Nepal Baram Association, a national-level organization, and the Gorkha Baram Associatino, at the district level, have been actively promoting the language, culture, and identity of the Baram people."	Yes	All	Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	"The survey suggested that Baram is more likely to be used for activities such as thinking, scolding, cursing, and praying than for joking, dreaming, abusing, performing rituals, or playing. Speakers do not sing in Baram and there is not a single traditional native Baram song. It is equally interesting that Baram is not used in any Baram rituals; they use Nepali instead. This is likely due to the linguistic and cultural convergence that resulted from prolonged contact with Nepali-speaking people."		15	Dandagaun of the Gorkha district is the only place where the language is still spoken.	Western Nepal	Predominantly in the central-southern part of the Gorkha district, along the Daraundi and Budhigandaki rivers and their tributaries.
16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International			Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	7,383		2,000	1998	1000-9999	The number of speakers is decreasing. Data for the ethnic population is from the 2001 census.								Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						Nepal
	2016	The documentation of Baram: A 'nearly extinct' language of Nepal					SEL	SEL Journal	1 (I)		https://selindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Baram_DND-edited_cleaned.pdf	Dhakal, Dubi Nanda					155 speakers according to 2011 census. Actual number may be lower.		100-999									Critically Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	"Nowadays, Baram is hardly used in everyday life." Some elderly speakers (55+).	15	15
	2007	South Asia and the Middle East	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages	283-348	Christopher Moseley		London & New York: Routledge					George van Driem	George van Driem. 2007. "South Asia and the Middle East." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 283-348. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD		0			10-99	A few hundred speakers, but fluent speakers are all middle-aged to elderly and together number far less than a hundred.								Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Outside of this village, a few elderly or isolated individuals have a fragmentary recollection of the language.	Nepal: Gorkha district	One village, Dandagau, near Pipal Danda in the Takukot area.
3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing			Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub			342		100-999									Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)								28.041,84.629
		World Oral Literature Project									http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.				2,000		1000-9999									Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)

Baram

Metadaten der Sprache

Sprachdokumentationsforum

Ernsthaft gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

53

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,000

Ernsthaft gefährdet

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

155 speakers according to 2011 census. Actual number may be lower.

Stark gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10-99

Sicher gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

342

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,000

Diskussion

Baram

Metadaten der Sprache

Sprachdokumentationsforum

Ernsthaft gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

53

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,000

Ernsthaft gefährdet

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

155 speakers according to 2011 census. Actual number may be lower.

Stark gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10-99

Sicher gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

342

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,000

Diskussion

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